Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) is the foundation of every strong building. It is a mixture of cement, sand, and aggregate without reinforcement, primarily used to provide a base for reinforced concrete structures. The PCC ratio, also known as the mix ratio, is crucial for determining the strength, durability, and stability of the concrete.

At SmartScale House Design, we emphasize the correct PCC ratio in construction to ensure safe and long-lasting structures.

What is PCC Ratio in Construction?

The PCC ratio defines the proportion of cement, sand, and aggregate used in the concrete mix. It is usually expressed as C:S:A (Cement : Sand : Aggregate).

For example:

• 1:2:4 means 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, 4 parts coarse aggregate.

Choosing the right PCC ratio ensures:

• Proper concrete strength

• Resistance against cracking

• Durability under weather conditions

• Even distribution of load

Importance of PCC Ratio

1. Foundation Strength – PCC forms the base for reinforced concrete slabs, columns, and walls. A wrong ratio may compromise structural stability.

2. Cost-Effectiveness – Optimized mix ratios prevent wastage of cement, sand, and aggregates.

3. Workability – Correct proportions make the concrete easy to lay and compact.

4. Longevity – A well-mixed PCC resists shrinkage, cracks, and water penetration, ensuring long-lasting structures.

Types of PCC Ratios and Their Applications

Depending on load, structure type, and site conditions, different PCC ratios are used:

Note: “M” stands for Mix and the number (10, 15, 20, etc.) indicates the characteristic compressive strength of concrete in N/mm².

Common PCC Mixing Ratios

Here are practical PCC ratios used in daily construction:

1. 1:3:6 – Basic mix for lightweight flooring and leveling.

2. 1:2:4 – Most commonly used for residential foundations and flooring.

3. 1:1.5:3 – Strong mix for medium-load structural areas.

4. 1:1:2 – Used for heavy-load areas or industrial constructions.

PCC Ratios for Different Areas

Concrete requirements vary depending on where it’s used:

• PCC for Slab: Typically M15 (1:2:4) or M20 (1:1.5:3) depending on load.

• PCC for Flooring: M10 (1:3:6) or M15 (1:2:4) depending on traffic.

• PCC for Foundation: M15 (1:2:4) for normal structures, M20 (1:1.5:3) for heavier structures.

• PCC for Pavements/Walkways: M10 (1:3:6) is sufficient.

• PCC for Low-Load Areas: M10 or M15 depending on requirements.

Tip: Always consult a structural engineer before finalizing the PCC grade, as soil type and load also affect the ratio.

How to Prepare PCC

1. Calculate Material Quantity – Based on the chosen ratio and volume of concrete.

2. Mix Cement, Sand, and Aggregate – Thoroughly mix dry ingredients before adding water.

3. Add Water Gradually – Ensure proper workability without making it too watery.

4. Lay and Compact – Pour the concrete into the formwork and compact using a vibrator or tamping rod.

5. Curing – Keep the concrete moist for at least 7–14 days to achieve strength.

Tips for Using the Right PCC Ratio

• Use clean water to prevent chemical reactions.

• Avoid using too much sand, which reduces strength.

• Use graded aggregates for better compaction.

• Always follow structural engineer recommendations for high-rise or heavy-load buildings.

Why SmartScale House Design Focuses on PCC Ratio

At SmartScale House Design, we ensure that every custom home is built with the correct PCC mix, tailored to:

• Plot size and layout

• Structural load requirements

• Flooring, slab, and foundation needs

This attention to detail ensures longevity, safety, and cost-efficiency.

We not only provide custom home designs but also guide clients on construction best practices, including PCC ratios and quality control.

Conclusion

The PCC ratio is a critical factor in construction that determines the strength, durability, and longevity of your home. By choosing the correct mix for slabs, flooring, and foundations, and consulting with experts like SmartScale House Design, you can ensure a safe, stable, and high-quality home.

Ready to build your dream home with strong foundations?
Contact SmartScale House Design for expert guidance on custom home designs and PCC ratio planning.